The BMS ensures the safety, longevity, and optimal performance of the battery in the e-vehicle. It helps extend the electric range to 500 kilometers and beyond in modern vehicles. This means that many vacation areas in Italy can already be reached without charging from southern Germany. Typically, the BMS consists of a battery management unit (BMU), sensors, a power stage, and a battery disconnect unit (BDU). The BMU monitors the battery's voltage, current, temperature, and state of charge, while the sensors provide data to the BMU. It also controls the charging process, either through a high-power DC connection or the on-board charger (OBC). The BDU disconnects the high-voltage battery from the vehicle when it is not in use. Diotec's latest application note addresses discrete semiconductor solutions for BMS, such as power MOSFETs, load dump protection, TVS diodes, Schottky, Zener, ESD diodes, and voltage regulators.